A vortex flow meter is a type of flow meter that measures the flow rate of liquids, gasses, and steam using the principle of vortex shedding. Highly accurate and reliable, they’re commonly used  in industries such as oil and gas, chemical, pharmaceutical, and water treatment. 

Different styles of vortex flow meters are available, including insertion, inline, and multivariable models, each with its own benefits and limitations.

These meters offer excellent accuracy and repeatability, making them ideal for applications that require precise flow measurement.

Vortex flow meters offer numerous benefits, such as high accuracy, wide turndown ratio, and low pressure drop. They measure a wide range of fluids, including gasses, liquids, and steam, making them versatile instruments for various industries.

ifm specializes in vortex flow meters measuring water-based media. This general article covers a wider variety of meter types for various applications. 

Since its inception in 1985, ifm efector has become a leading provider of sensors and controls technology in the U.S. A subsidiary of the global company ifm electronic gmbh, we support more than 23,000 U.S. customers in diverse industries such as automotive, material handling, and food and beverage.

With over $260 million in annual sales, ifm USA produces more than 800,000 temperature sensors, flow sensors, and connectors each year.

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Vortex shedding history

Vortex shedding was first discovered by German physicist Heinrich Gustav Magnus in 1852. This phenomenon occurs when fluid flows past an obstruction, creating alternating vortices on either side.

By measuring the frequency of these vortices, a vortex flow meter can determine the velocity of the fluid and calculate the flow rate. Vortex-shedding technology has played a significant role in the evolution of flow measurement.

Vortex shedding technology

The development of technology using the phenomenon of vortex shedding began in the mid-20th century. Throughout the years, several pioneers have made noteworthy contributions to the field of vortex flow measurement.

One such pioneer is Horace Williams, who patented the first vortex flow meter in 1969. Williams' invention revolutionized flow measurement by providing a reliable and cost-effective solution.

Another prominent figure in vortex-shedding technology is Dr. Yutaka Abe, who introduced the concept of a vortex flow meter with a shedder bar. Dr. Abe's design improved the accuracy and stability of vortex flow meters, paving the way for further advancements.

Vortex flow meter design

The vortex flow meter design based on the principle of the von Kármán effect, which is the repeating pattern of swirling vortices that's caused by vortex shedding. 

 It typically consists of a shedder bar, a bluff body, a sensor, and an electronic transmitter. The shedder bar creates turbulence in the fluid, while the bluff body causes vortices to form. The sensor detects the vortices, and the transmitter converts the detected signals into flow rate data.

Accurate flow measurement requires proper placement for the vortex meter to function correctly. The sensor should be installed downstream of any flow disturbances, such as bends or valves, to ensure a consistent and stable flow pattern. 

Material selection for vortex flow meters depends on the specific application requirements. Different materials offer varying levels of resistance to corrosion, abrasion, and high temperatures. 

For example, stainless steel is commonly used in industrial applications due to its durability and resistance to harsh environments. Other materials, such as titanium or Hastelloy, may be chosen for highly corrosive or aggressive media.

Vortex flow meter styles

There are two main styles of vortex flow meters: inline and insertion. Each style has its own unique features and advantages, depending on the application requirements.

Inline vortex flow meters

Inline vortex flow meters, also known as wafer-style meters, are directly installed in the pipeline. They feature a compact design and are suitable for applications with limited space. The streamlined construction ensures minimal pressure drop, making them ideal for high-flow applications.

These meters are easy to install and maintain, as they do not require any additional mounting hardware. They provide accurate measurements and are highly reliable, making them popular in industries such as chemical processing, water treatment, and HVAC.

Insertion vortex flow meters

Insertion vortex flow meters, as the name suggests, are inserted into the pipeline through a tap or flange. These meters are versatile and can be used in pipes of various sizes. They offer flexibility in terms of installation, as they can be easily adjusted or repositioned as per the flow conditions.

Insertion meters are cost-effective and suitable for applications where the pipeline cannot be modified or shut down for installation. They are commonly used in applications such as steam monitoring, compressed air, and industrial gas flow measurement.

Advantages and disadvantages of each style

Inline vortex flow meters provide accurate and reliable measurements, with minimal pressure drop. They are compact and easy to install. However, they may not be suitable for large pipe sizes or applications with high particulate content.

Insertion vortex flow meters offer flexibility in installation and can be used in larger pipe sizes. They are cost-effective and can be easily adjusted. However, they may introduce a higher pressure drop and require periodic recalibration.

Choosing the right vortex flow meter style depends on the specific requirements of your application.These factors include pipe size, flow rate, space limitations, and maintenance.

Accuracy and rangeability

Various factors can affect the accuracy of these flow meters, and understanding them can help in selecting the right meter for your specific needs.

One of the key factors affecting the accuracy of vortex flow meters is the fluid properties. Viscosity, density, and temperature can all impact the flow measurement. It is essential to ensure that the meter is suitable for the specific fluid being measured, as different fluids may require different calibration or adjustments.

Another factor to consider is the installation conditions. Proper installation plays a significant role in achieving accurate measurements. Factors such as pipe size, straight run requirements, and flow disturbances can all affect the accuracy of the vortex flow meter. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for installation to ensure optimal performance.

Turndown ratio and rangeability are two terms often used when discussing the accuracy and flexibility of flow meters. Turndown ratio refers to the ratio between the maximum and minimum flow rates that a meter can accurately measure. Rangeability, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a meter to accurately measure flow rates throughout its entire specified range.

Both turndown ratio and rangeability are important considerations when selecting a vortex flow meter to ensure accurate measurements across a wide range of flow rates.

Selecting the right meter for desired accuracy involves considering various factors such as the required accuracy level, fluid properties, and flow conditions.

It is essential to consult with experts or refer to the manufacturer's specifications to ensure that the chosen meter meets your accuracy requirements.

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